Iain Cunningham – 多元資產增長團隊主管
美國方面,我們認為貨幣政策趨緊,並將透過企業及家庭進行再融資時逐步影響經濟。這方面的證據持續出現,例如是最近數月經濟活動整體放緩。雖然聯儲局並未在此前幾個季度減息,但我們認為,所發布數據的變化或使聯儲局能夠於今年稍後轉為減息。與此同時,美國的財政政策仍然寬鬆,繼續支撐經濟增長,這為美國通脹展望帶來一些風險。而貨幣政策將趨於寬鬆、持續的財政支持以及對利率敏感度較高的部分經濟領域有所改善,共同形成我們的核心情境,即美國經濟有望實現軟著陸。儘管如此,由於以往的緊縮政策仍繼續發揮作用,目前經濟衰退的風險依然頗高。
圖一:美國採購經理指數
圖二: 美國通脹率
資料來源:Ninety One晉達,2024年6月。
歐洲方面,由於疫情相關的刺激措施減少、浮息債務水平上升及財政支持顯著減少,貨幣政策偏向緊縮,其滯後效應持續時間短於美國。儘管有少許跡象顯示經濟在低基數效應下有所改善,但經濟增長指標依然疲軟。我們預計,隨著能源價格壓力持續減弱,歐元區通脹將放緩。我們認為歐元區出現通縮期的風險加劇,且歐洲央行的寬鬆政策週期將較聯儲局更為明顯。
圖三:歐洲信貸脈衝
圖四:歐元區通脹率
資料來源:Ninety One晉達,2024年6月。
中國方面,貨幣政策似乎是寬鬆的,但並未落實重大寬鬆措施。然而,寬鬆措施的力度正逐漸加大,當局持續落實新增的財政刺激計劃,並大力清理過剩的待售庫存房。這舉措得到中國人民銀行支持,該行推動保障性住房再貸款,以加快解決住房庫存問題。我們預計政策官員將盡其所能確保經濟持續復甦。經濟增長指標仍參差不齊,復甦之路有阻礙。通脹仍然疲弱,但展望未來,基數效應會開始提供更多支持作用。我們繼續相信,中國經濟將迎來較良性的發展成果,而不會陷入市場普遍預測的低迷局面。
圖五:中國採購經理指數
圖六:中國通脹率
資料來源:Ninety One晉達,2024年6月。
如上文所述,我們的核心投資路線圖令我們對風險資產,尤其是亞洲和美國風險資產的前景為正面。固定收益方面,由於去年年底政府債券強勁反彈,加上美國經濟軟著陸的可能性增加,投資組合存續期今年上半年有所下降。然而我們維持對防守性存續期的超配,尤其是在歐洲。貨幣方面,由於利差走勢正面,以及我們預期這些地區的寬鬆政策將較美國更為顯著,因此在多元化投資組合持倉方面,我們維持偏好美元多於歐洲及亞洲貨幣。
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